Andrew Goodwin (1992)

Andrew Goodwin suggested that there are 3 types of music videos such as:

Illustration: In this style of music video, the clip is always cut on beat and the images shown illustrate the literal meaning or feeling of the lyrics often with the band singing, dancing or playing instruments who are all dressed as they are expected to according to their genre or narrative.

Amplification: in this style of music video the film cuts on and off beat with the images amplifying the lyrics as a specific narrative may be used to convey a deeper meaning as it would not be picked up from the lyrics alone. The band also take on fictional roles within the narrative.

Disjuncture:  this is when the film cuts off the beat, it is sometimes but not always the sign of a bad music video. The images used do not relate to the lyrics which is sometimes used by bands who already very well established who can afford to take a risk and the band themselves take on an image that is the opposite of their expected image.